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| User's Manual 78K/0 Series Instructions Common to 78K/0 Series Document No. U12326EJ4V0UM00 (4th edition) Date Published October 2001 N CP(K) (c) Printed in Japan 1995 [MEMO] 2 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM NOTES FOR CMOS DEVICES 1 PRECAUTION AGAINST ESD FOR SEMICONDUCTORS Note: Strong electric field, when exposed to a MOS device, can cause destruction of the gate oxide and ultimately degrade the device operation. Steps must be taken to stop generation of static electricity as much as possible, and quickly dissipate it once, when it has occurred. Environmental control must be adequate. When it is dry, humidifier should be used. It is recommended to avoid using insulators that easily build static electricity. Semiconductor devices must be stored and transported in an anti-static container, static shielding bag or conductive material. All test and measurement tools including work bench and floor should be grounded. The operator should be grounded using wrist strap. Semiconductor devices must not be touched with bare hands. Similar precautions need to be taken for PW boards with semiconductor devices on it. 2 HANDLING OF UNUSED INPUT PINS FOR CMOS Note: No connection for CMOS device inputs can be cause of malfunction. If no connection is provided to the input pins, it is possible that an internal input level may be generated due to noise, etc., hence causing malfunction. CMOS devices behave differently than Bipolar or NMOS devices. Input levels of CMOS devices must be fixed high or low by using a pull-up or pull-down circuitry. Each unused pin should be connected to VDD or GND with a resistor, if it is considered to have a possibility of being an output pin. All handling related to the unused pins must be judged device by device and related specifications governing the devices. 3 STATUS BEFORE INITIALIZATION OF MOS DEVICES Note: Power-on does not necessarily define initial status of MOS device. Production process of MOS does not define the initial operation status of the device. Immediately after the power source is turned ON, the devices with reset function have not yet been initialized. Hence, power-on does not guarantee out-pin levels, I/O settings or contents of registers. Device is not initialized until the reset signal is received. Reset operation must be executed immediately after power-on for devices having reset function. IEBus is a trademark of NEC Corporation. Caution: Purchase of NEC I 2C components conveys a license under the Philips I2C Patent Rights to use these components in an I 2C system, provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 3 The export of these products from Japan is regulated by the Japanese government. The export of some or all of these products may be prohibited without governmental license. To export or re-export some or all of these products from a country other than Japan may also be prohibited without a license from that country. Please call an NEC sales representative. * The information in this document is current as of August, 2001. The information is subject to change without notice. For actual design-in, refer to the latest publications of NEC's data sheets or data books, etc., for the most up-to-date specifications of NEC semiconductor products. Not all products and/or types are available in every country. Please check with an NEC sales representative for availability and additional information. * No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written consent of NEC. NEC assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. * NEC does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from the use of NEC semiconductor products listed in this document or any other liability arising from the use of such products. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC or others. * Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided for illustrative purposes in semiconductor product operation and application examples. The incorporation of these circuits, software and information in the design of customer's equipment shall be done under the full responsibility of customer. NEC assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by customers or third parties arising from the use of these circuits, software and information. * While NEC endeavours to enhance the quality, reliability and safety of NEC semiconductor products, customers agree and acknowledge that the possibility of defects thereof cannot be eliminated entirely. To minimize risks of damage to property or injury (including death) to persons arising from defects in NEC semiconductor products, customers must incorporate sufficient safety measures in their design, such as redundancy, fire-containment, and anti-failure features. * NEC semiconductor products are classified into the following three quality grades: "Standard", "Special" and "Specific". The "Specific" quality grade applies only to semiconductor products developed based on a customer-designated "quality assurance program" for a specific application. The recommended applications of a semiconductor product depend on its quality grade, as indicated below. Customers must check the quality grade of each semiconductor product before using it in a particular application. "Standard": Computers, office equipment, communications equipment, test and measurement equipment, audio and visual equipment, home electronic appliances, machine tools, personal electronic equipment and industrial robots "Special": Transportation equipment (automobiles, trains, ships, etc.), traffic control systems, anti-disaster systems, anti-crime systems, safety equipment and medical equipment (not specifically designed for life support) "Specific": Aircraft, aerospace equipment, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor control systems, life support systems and medical equipment for life support, etc. The quality grade of NEC semiconductor products is "Standard" unless otherwise expressly specified in NEC's data sheets or data books, etc. If customers wish to use NEC semiconductor products in applications not intended by NEC, they must contact an NEC sales representative in advance to determine NEC's willingness to support a given application. (Note) (1) "NEC" as used in this statement means NEC Corporation and also includes its majority-owned subsidiaries. (2) "NEC semiconductor products" means any semiconductor product developed or manufactured by or for NEC (as defined above). M8E 00. 4 4 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM Regional Information Some information contained in this document may vary from country to country. Before using any NEC product in your application, pIease contact the NEC office in your country to obtain a list of authorized representatives and distributors. They will verify: * * * * * Device availability Ordering information Product release schedule Availability of related technical literature Development environment specifications (for example, specifications for third-party tools and components, host computers, power plugs, AC supply voltages, and so forth) Network requirements * In addition, trademarks, registered trademarks, export restrictions, and other legal issues may also vary from country to country. NEC Electronics Inc. (U.S.) Santa Clara, California Tel: 408-588-6000 800-366-9782 Fax: 408-588-6130 800-729-9288 NEC Electronics (Germany) GmbH Benelux Office Eindhoven, The Netherlands Tel: 040-2445845 Fax: 040-2444580 NEC Electronics Hong Kong Ltd. Hong Kong Tel: 2886-9318 Fax: 2886-9022/9044 NEC Electronics Hong Kong Ltd. NEC Electronics (France) S.A. Velizy-Villacoublay, France Tel: 01-3067-5800 Fax: 01-3067-5899 Seoul Branch Seoul, Korea Tel: 02-528-0303 Fax: 02-528-4411 NEC Electronics (Germany) GmbH Duesseldorf, Germany Tel: 0211-65 03 02 Fax: 0211-65 03 490 NEC Electronics (France) S.A. NEC Electronics (UK) Ltd. Milton Keynes, UK Tel: 01908-691-133 Fax: 01908-670-290 Madrid Office Madrid, Spain Tel: 091-504-2787 Fax: 091-504-2860 NEC Electronics Singapore Pte. Ltd. Novena Square, Singapore Tel: 253-8311 Fax: 250-3583 NEC Electronics Taiwan Ltd. NEC Electronics Italiana s.r.l. Milano, Italy Tel: 02-66 75 41 Fax: 02-66 75 42 99 NEC Electronics (Germany) GmbH Scandinavia Office Taeby, Sweden Tel: 08-63 80 820 Fax: 08-63 80 388 Taipei, Taiwan Tel: 02-2719-2377 Fax: 02-2719-5951 NEC do Brasil S.A. Electron Devices Division Guarulhos-SP, Brasil Tel: 11-6462-6810 Fax: 11-6462-6829 J01.2 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 5 Major Revisions in This Edition Page Throughout Description Deletion of all information except for information common to the 78K/0 Series (for individual product information, refer to the user's manual of each product). The mark shows major revised points. 6 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM INTRODUCTION Target Readers This manual is intended for users who wish to understand the functions of 78K/0 Series products and to design and develop its application systems and programs. Purpose This manual is intended to give users an understanding of the various kinds of instruction functions of 78K/0 Series products. Organization This manual is broadly divided into the following sections. * CPU functions * Instruction set * Explanation of instructions How to Read This Manual It is assumed that readers of this manual have general knowledge in the fields of electrical engineering, logic circuits, and microcontrollers. * To check the details of the functions of an instruction whose mnemonic is known: Refer to APPENDICES B and C. * To check an instruction whose mnemonic is not known but whose general function is known: Find the mnemonic in CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET and then check the detailed functions in CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS. * To learn about the various kinds of 78K/0 Series product instructions in general: Read this manual in the order of CONTENTS. * To learn about the hardware functions of 78K/0 Series products: See the separate user's manuals. Conventions Data significance: Note: Caution: Remark: Numeral representation: Higher digits on the left and lower digits on the right Footnote for item marked with Note in the text Information requiring particular attention Supplementary information Binary ................. XXXX or XXXXB Decimal .............. XXXX Hexadecimal ...... XXXXH User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 7 Related Documents The related documents indicated in this publication may include preliminary versions. However, preliminary versions are not marked as such. * Documents Common to 78K/0 Series Document Name User's Manual Instructions Application Note Note Document No. This manual Basic I Basic II Basic III U12704E U10121E U10182E Note Some subseries may not be covered. Caution The related documents listed above are subject to change without notice. Be sure to use the latest version of each document for designing. 8 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 MEMORY SPACE ............................................................................................................... 12 Memory Spaces ................................................................................................................12 Internal Program Memory (Internal ROM) Space .......................................................... 12 Vector Table Area ............................................................................................................. 12 CALLT Instruction Table Area ......................................................................................... 12 CALLF Instruction Entry Area ......................................................................................... 12 Internal Data Memory (Internal RAM) Space .................................................................. 12 Special Function Register (SFR) Area ............................................................................ 13 External Memory Space ................................................................................................... 13 IEBusTM Register Area ...................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 2 REGISTERS ........................................................................................................................14 2.1 Control Registers ............................................................................................................. 14 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 Program counter (PC) ......................................................................................................... 14 Program status word (PSW) ............................................................................................... 14 Stack pointer (SP) ................................................................................................................ 16 2.2 2.3 General-Purpose Registers ............................................................................................. 17 Special Function Registers (SFRs) ................................................................................. 19 CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING ..................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Instruction Address Addressing ..................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 Relative addressing ............................................................................................................. 20 Immediate addressing ......................................................................................................... 21 Table indirect addressing ................................................................................................... 22 Register addressing ............................................................................................................ 23 Implied addressing .............................................................................................................. 24 Register addressing ............................................................................................................ 25 Direct addressing ................................................................................................................ 26 Short direct addressing ...................................................................................................... 27 Special-function register (SFR) addressing ...................................................................... 28 Register indirect addressing .............................................................................................. 29 Based addressing ................................................................................................................ 30 Based indexed addressing ................................................................................................. 30 Stack addressing ................................................................................................................. 31 3.2 Operand Address Addressing ........................................................................................24 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET ............................................................................................................32 4.1 Operation ..........................................................................................................................32 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 Operand identifiers and description methods .................................................................. 32 Description of "operation" column .................................................................................... 33 Description of "flag operation" column ............................................................................ 33 Description of number of clocks ........................................................................................ 34 Instructions listed by addressing type .............................................................................. 34 Description of instruction code table ................................................................................ 38 Instruction code list ............................................................................................................. 39 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 4.2 Instruction Codes ............................................................................................................. 38 4.2.1 4.2.2 9 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ................................................................................. 46 5.1 8-Bit Data Transfer Instructions ...................................................................................... 48 5.2 16-Bit Data Transfer Instructions .................................................................................... 51 5.3 8-Bit Operation Instructions ............................................................................................ 54 5.4 16-Bit Operation Instructions .......................................................................................... 63 5.5 Multiply/Divide Instructions ............................................................................................ 67 5.6 Increment/Decrement Instructions ................................................................................. 70 5.7 Rotate Instructions ...........................................................................................................75 5.8 BCD Adjust Instructions .................................................................................................. 82 5.9 Bit Manipulation Instructions .......................................................................................... 85 5.10 Call Return Instructions ................................................................................................... 93 5.11 Stack Manipulation Instructions ................................................................................... 101 5.12 Unconditional Branch Instruction ................................................................................ 105 5.13 Conditional Branch Instructions ................................................................................... 107 5.14 CPU Control Instructions ..............................................................................................116 APPENDIX A REVISION HISTORY .....................................................................................................123 APPENDIX B INSTRUCTION INDEX (MNEMONIC: BY FUNCTION) ............................................. 124 APPENDIX C INSTRUCTION INDEX (MNEMONIC: IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) ...................... 126 10 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 Title Page Program Counter Configuration .............................................................................................................. 14 Program Status Word Configuration ....................................................................................................... 14 Stack Pointer Configuration .................................................................................................................... 16 Data to Be Saved to Stack Memory ....................................................................................................... 16 Data to Be Reset from Stack Memory .................................................................................................... 16 General-Purpose Register Configuration ............................................................................................... 18 LIST OF TABLES Table No. 2-1 4-1 Title Page General-Purpose Register Absolute Address Correspondence Table ..................................................... 17 Operand Identifiers and Description Methods .......................................................................................... 32 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 11 CHAPTER 1 MEMORY SPACE 1.1 Memory Spaces The 78K/0 Series product program memory map varies depending on the internal memory capacity. For details of memory-mapped address area, refer to the user's manual of each product. 1.2 Internal Program Memory (Internal ROM) Space Each 78K/0 Series product has internal ROM in the address space. Program and table data, etc. are stored in the ROM. Normally, this memory space is addressed by the program counter (PC). For details of the internal ROM space, refer to the user's manual of each product. 1.3 Vector Table Area The 64-byte area 0000H to 003FH is reserved as a vector table area. The program start addresses for branch upon RESET input or interrupt request generation are stored in the vector table area. Of the 16-bit address, the lower 8 bits are stored at even addresses and the higher 8 bits are stored at odd addresses. For the vector table area, refer to the user's manual of each product. 1.4 CALLT Instruction Table Area The 64-byte area 0040H to 007FH can store the subroutine entry address of a 1-byte call instruction (CALLT). 1.5 CALLF Instruction Entry Area The 2048-byte area 0800H to 0FFFH can perform a direct subroutine call with a 2-byte call instruction (CALLF). 1.6 Internal Data Memory (Internal RAM) Space 78K/0 Series products incorporate the following RAMs. For details of these RAMs, refer to the user's manual of each product. (1) Internal high-speed RAM Each 78K/0 Series product incorporates an internal high-speed RAM. In the 32-byte area FEE0H to FEFFH of these areas, 4 banks of general-purpose registers, each bank consisting of eight 8-bit registers, are allocated. The internal high-speed RAM can also be used as a stack memory. (2) Buffer RAM There are some products in the 78K/0 Series to which buffer RAM is allocated. This RAM is used to store the transfer/receive data of serial interface channel 1 (3-wire serial I/O mode with automatic transfer/receive function). If not used in this mode, the buffer RAM can also be used as an ordinary RAM area. 12 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 1 MEMORY SPACE (3) RAM for VFD display There are some products in the 78K/0 Series to which RAM for VFD display is allocated. This RAM can also be used as an ordinary RAM area. (4) Internal expansion RAM There are some products in the 78K/0 Series to which internal expansion RAM is allocated. (5) RAM for LCD display There are some products in the 78K/0 Series to which RAM for LCD display is allocated. This RAM can also be used as an ordinary RAM area. 1.7 Special Function Register (SFR) Area On-chip peripheral hardware special function registers (SFRs) are allocated in the area FF00H to FFFFH (for details of the special function registers, refer to the user's manual of each product). Caution Do not access addresses to which SFRs are not allocated. If an address is erroneously accessed, the CPU may become deadlocked. 1.8 External Memory Space This is an external memory space that can be accessed by setting the memory extension mode register. This space can store program and table data, and be assigned peripheral devices. For details of the products in which an external memory space can be used, refer to the user's manual of each product. 1.9 IEBusTM Register Area IEBus registers that are used to control the IEBus controller are allocated to the IEBus register area. For details of the products that incorporate an IEBus controller, refer to the user's manual of each product. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 13 CHAPTER 2 REGISTERS 2.1 Control Registers The control registers control the program sequence, statuses and stack memory. A program counter, a program status word and a stack pointer are the control registers. 2.1.1 Program counter (PC) The program counter is a 16-bit register that holds the address information of the next program to be executed. In normal operation, the PC is automatically incremented according to the number of bytes of the instruction to be fetched. When a branch instruction is executed, immediate data and register contents are set. RESET input sets the reset vector table values at addresses 0000H and 0001H to the program counter. Figure 2-1. Program Counter Configuration 15 PC 0 2.1.2 Program status word (PSW) The program status word is an 8-bit register consisting of various flags to be set/reset by instruction execution. Program status word contents are automatically stacked upon interrupt request generation or PUSH PSW instruction execution and are automatically reset upon execution of the RETB, RETI and POP PSW instructions. RESET input sets the PSW to 02H. Figure 2-2. Program Status Word Configuration 7 IE Z RBS1 AC RBS0 0 ISP 0 CY 14 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 2 REGISTERS (1) Interrupt enable flag (IE) This flag controls the interrupt request acknowledgement operations of the CPU. When IE = 0, the IE flag is set to interrupt disable (DI), and interrupts other than non-maskable interrupts are all disabled. When IE = 1, the IE flag is set to interrupt enable (EI), and interrupt request acknowledgement is controlled by an in-service priority flag (ISP), an interrupt mask flag for various interrupt sources, and a priority specification flag. This flag is reset (0) upon DI instruction execution or interrupt request acknowledgment and is set (1) upon execution of the EI instruction. (2) Zero flag (Z) When the operation result is zero, this flag is set (1). It is reset (0) in all other cases. (3) Register bank select flags (RBS0 and RBS1) These are 2-bit flags used to select one of the four register banks. In these flags, the 2-bit information that indicates the register bank selected by SBL RBn instruction execution is stored. (4) Auxiliary carry flag (AC) If the operation result has a carry from bit 3 or a borrow at bit 3, this flag is set (1). It is reset (0) in all other cases. (5) In-service priority flag (ISP) This flag manages the priority of acknowledgeable maskable vectored interrupts. When ISP = 0, vectored interrupt requests specified as low priority by the priority specification flag register (PR) are disabled for acknowledgment. Actual acknowledgment for interrupt requests is controlled by the state of the interrupt enable flag (IE). (6) Carry flag (CY) This flag stores an overflow or underflow upon add/subtract instruction execution. It stores the shift-out value upon rotate instruction execution and functions as a bit accumulator during bit manipulation instruction execution. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 15 CHAPTER 2 REGISTERS 2.1.3 Stack pointer (SP) This is a 16-bit register that holds the start address of the memory stack area. Only the internal high-speed RAM area can be set as the stack area. Figure 2-3. Stack Pointer Configuration 15 SP 0 The SP is decremented ahead of write (save) to the stack memory and is incremented after read (reset) from the stack memory. Each stack operation saves/resets data as shown in Figures 2-4 and 2-5. Caution Since RESET input makes SP contents undefined, be sure to initialize the SP before instruction execution. Figure 2-4. Data to Be Saved to Stack Memory Interrupt and BRK instructions SP SP SP _ 2 SP _ 2 SP _ 1 SP Lower half register pairs Upper half register pairs SP SP _ 2 SP _ 2 SP _ 1 SP PC7-PC0 PC15-PC8 SP _ 3 SP _ 3 SP _ 2 SP _ 1 SP PC7-PC0 PC15-PC8 PSW PUSH rp instruction CALL, CALLF and CALLT instructions Figure 2-5. Data to Be Reset from Stack Memory POP rp instruction RET instruction RETI and RETB instructions SP SP + 1 SP SP + 2 Lower half register pairs Upper half register pairs SP SP SP + 1 SP + 2 PC7-PC0 PC15-PC8 SP SP + 1 SP + 2 SP SP + 3 PC7-PC0 PC15-PC8 PSW 16 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 2 REGISTERS 2.2 General-Purpose Registers General-purpose registers are mapped at particular addresses (FEE0H to FEFFH) of the data memory. These registers consist of 4 banks, each bank consisting of eight 8-bit registers (X, A, C, B, E, D, L and H). In addition that each register can be used as an 8-bit register, two 8-bit registers in pairs can be used as a 16bit register (AX, BC, DE and HL). General-purpose registers can be described in terms of functional names (X, A, C, B, E, D, L, H, AX, BC, DE and HL) and absolute names (R0 to R7 and RP0 to RP3). Register banks to be used for instruction execution are set with the CPU control instruction (SEL RBn). Because of the 4-register bank configuration, an efficient program can be created by switching between a register for normal processing and a register for processing upon interrupt generation for each bank. Table 2-1. General-Purpose Register Absolute Address Correspondence Table Bank Name Register Functional Name BANK0 H L D E B C A X BANK1 H L D E B C A X Absolute Name R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 FEFFH FEFEH FEFDH FEFCH FEFBH FEFAH FEF9H FEF8H FEF7H FEF6H FEF5H FEF4H FEF3H FEF2H FEF1H FEF0H BANK3 BANK2 Absolute Address Bank Name Register Functional Name H L D E B C A X H L D E B C A X Absolute Name R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 FEEFH FEEEH FEEDH FEECH FEEBH FEEAH FEE9H FEE8H FEE7H FEE6H FEE5H FEE4H FEE3H FEE2H FEE1H FEE0H Absolute Address User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 17 CHAPTER 2 REGISTERS Figure 2-6. General-Purpose Register Configuration (a) Absolute names 16-bit processing FEFFH BANK0 FEF8H FEF7H BANK1 FEF0H FEEFH BANK2 FEE8H FEE7H BANK3 FEE0H 15 0 7 RP0 RP1 RP2 RP3 8-bit processing R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 0 (b) Functional names 16-bit processing FEFFH BANK0 FEF8H FEF7H BANK1 FEF0H FEEFH BANK2 FEE8H FEE7H BANK3 FEE0H 15 0 7 AX BC DE HL 8-bit processing H L D E B C A X 0 18 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 2 REGISTERS 2.3 Special Function Registers (SFRs) Unlike a general-purpose register, each special-function register has a special function. Special function registers are allocated in the 256-byte area FF00H to FFFFH. Special function registers can be manipulated, like general-purpose registers, by operation, transfer and bit manipulation instructions. The manipulatable bit units (1, 8, and 16) differ depending on the special function register type. Each manipulation bit unit can be specified as follows. * 1-bit manipulation Describes a symbol reserved by the assembler for the 1-bit manipulation instruction operand (sfr.bit). This manipulation can also be specified by an address. * 8-bit manipulation Describes a symbol reserved by the assembler for the 8-bit manipulation instruction operand (sfr). This manipulation can also be specified by an address. * 16-bit manipulation Describes a symbol reserved by the assembler for the 16-bit manipulation instruction operand (sfrp). When addressing an address, describe an even address. For details of the special function registers, refer to the user's manual of each product. Caution Do not access addresses to which SFRs are not allocated. If an address is erroneously accessed, the CPU may become deadlocked. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 19 CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.1 Instruction Address Addressing An instruction address is determined by program counter (PC) contents. The PC contents are normally incremented (+1 for each byte) automatically according to the number of bytes of an instruction to be fetched each time another instruction is executed. When a branch instruction is executed, the branch destination information is set to the PC and branched by the following addressing (for details of each instruction, refer to CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS). 3.1.1 Relative addressing [Function] The value obtained by adding 8-bit immediate data (displacement value: jdisp8) of an instruction code to the start address of the following instruction is transferred to the program counter (PC) and branched. The displacement value is treated as signed two's complement data (-128 to +127) and bit 7 becomes a sign bit. In other words, in relative addressing, the value is relatively transferred to the range between -128 and +127 from the start address of the following instruction. This function is carried out when the "BR $addr16" instruction or a conditional branch instruction is executed. [Illustration] 15 PC + 15 8 7 S jdisp8 15 PC When S = 0, indicates all bits "0". When S = 1, indicates all bits "1". 0 6 0 0 ... PC is the start address of the next instruction of a BR instruction. 20 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.1.2 Immediate addressing [Function] Immediate data in the instruction word is transferred to the program counter (PC) and branched. This function is carried out when the "CALL !addr16" or "BR !addr16" or "CALLF !addr11" instruction is executed. The CALL !addr16 and BR !addr16 instructions can be branched to all memory spaces. The CALLF !addr11 instruction is branched to the area of 0800H to 0FFFH. [Illustration] CALL !addr16, BR !addr16 instruction 7 CALL or BR Low Addr. High Addr. 0 15 PC 87 0 CALLF !addr11 instruction 76 4 3 CALLF 0 fa10 to fa8 fa7 to fa0 15 PC 0 0 0 0 11 10 1 87 0 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 21 CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.1.3 Table indirect addressing [Function] Table contents (branch destination address) of the particular location to be addressed by the lower-5-bit immediate data of an instruction code from bit 1 to bit 5 are transferred to the program counter (PC) and branched. When the "CALLT [addr5]" instruction is executed, table indirect addressing is performed. Executing this instruction enables the value to be branched to all memory spaces referencing the address stored in the memory table of 40H to 7FH. [Illustration] 7 Instruction code 1 6 1 5 ta4-0 1 0 1 15 Effective address 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 1 5 10 0 7 Memory (Table) Low addr. 0 Effective address+1 High addr. 15 PC 8 7 0 22 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.1.4 Register addressing [Function] The register pair (AX) contents to be specified by an instruction word are transferred to the program counter (PC) and branched. This function is carried out when the "BR AX" instruction is executed. [Illustration] 7 rp A 0 7 X 0 15 PC 8 7 0 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 23 CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.2 Operand Address Addressing The following methods are available to specify the register and memory (addressing) to undergo manipulation during instruction execution. 3.2.1 Implied addressing [Function] This addressing automatically specifies the address of the registers that function as an accumulator (A and AX) in the general-purpose register area. Of the 78K/0 Series instruction words, the following instructions employ implied addressing. Instruction MULU DIVUW ADJBA/ADJBS ROR4/ROL4 Register to Be Specified by Implied Addressing A register for multiplicand and AX register for product storage AX register for dividend and quotient storage A register for storage of numeric values targeted for decimal correction A register for storage of digit data that undergoes digit rotation [Operand format] Because implied addressing can be automatically employed with an instruction, no particular operand format is necessary. [Description example] In the case of MULU X With an 8-bit x 8-bit multiply instruction, the product of the A register and X register is stored in AX. In this example, the A and AX registers are specified by implied addressing. 24 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.2.2 Register addressing [Function] Register addressing accesses a general-purpose register as an operand. The general-purpose register to be accessed is specified by the register bank selection flags (RBS0 and RBS1) and the register specification codes (Rn and RPn) in the instruction codes. Register addressing is carried out when an instruction with the following operand format is executed. When an 8-bit register is specified, one of the eight registers is specified by 3 bits in the instruction code. [Operand format] Identifier r rp X, A, C, B, E, D, L, H AX, BC, DE, HL Description `r' and `rp' can be described with absolute names (R0 to R7 and RP0 to RP3) as well as function names (X, A, C, B, E, D, L, H, AX, BC, DE and HL). [Description example] MOV A, C; When selecting the C register for r Instruction code 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 Register specification code INCW DE; When selecting the DE register pair for rp Instruction code 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Register specification code User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 25 CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.2.3 Direct addressing [Function] Direct addressing directly addresses the memory indicated by the immediate data in the instruction word. [Operand format] Identifier addr16 Description Label or 16-bit immediate data [Description example] MOV A, !FE00H; When setting !addr16 to FE00H Instruction code 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 OP code 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 FEH [Illustration] 7 OP code addr16 (lower) addr16 (upper) 0 Memory 26 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.2.4 Short direct addressing [Function] The memory to be manipulated in the fixed space is directly addressed with 8-bit data in an instruction word. This addressing is applied to the 256-byte fixed space FE20H to FF1FH. An internal high-speed RAM and special function registers (SFRs) are mapped at FE20H to FEFFH and FF00H to FF1FH, respectively. The SFR area (FF00H to FF1FH) where short direct addressing is applied is a part of the entire SFR area. Ports that are frequently accessed in a program, a compare register of the timer/event counter and a capture register of the timer/event counter are mapped in the area FF00H through FF1FH, and these SFRs can be manipulated with a small number of bytes and clocks. When 8-bit immediate data is at 20H to FFH, bit 8 of an effective address is set to 0. When it is at 00H to 1FH, bit 8 is set to 1. See [Illustration] below. [Operand format] Identifier saddr saddrp Description Label or FE20H to FF1FH immediate data Label or FE20H to FF1FH immediate data (even address only) [Description example] MOV FE30H, #50H; When setting saddr to FE30H and the immediate data to 50H Instruction code 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 OP code 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 30H (saddr-offset) 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 50H (immediate data) [Illustration] 7 OP code saddr-offset 0 Short direct memory 15 Effective address 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 87 0 When 8-bit immediate data is 20H to FFH, = 0. When 8-bit immediate data is 00H to 1FH, = 1. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 27 CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.2.5 Special-function register (SFR) addressing [Function] A memory-mapped special function register (SFR) is addressed with 8-bit immediate data in an instruction word. This addressing is applied to the 240-byte spaces FF00H to FFCFH and FFE0H to FFFFH. However, the SFRs mapped at FF00H to FF1FH can be accessed with short direct addressing. [Operand format] Identifier sfr sfrp Special function register name 16-bit-manipulatable special function register name (even address only) Description [Description example] MOV PM0, A; When selecting PM0 for sfr Instruction code 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 OP code 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 20H (sfr-offset) [Illustration] 7 OP code sfr-offset 0 SFR 15 Effective address 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 87 1 0 28 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.2.6 Register indirect addressing [Function] Register indirect addressing addresses memory with register pair contents specified as an operand. The register pair to be accessed is specified by the register bank selection flags (RBS0 and RBS1) and the register pair specification in instruction codes. [Operand format] Identifier -- Description [DE], [HL] [Description example] MOV A, [DE]; When selecting register pair [DE] Instruction code 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 [Illustration] 15 DE D 87 E 7 Memory 0 0 Memory address specified by register pair DE Contents of memory to be addressed are transferred 7 A 0 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 29 CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.2.7 Based addressing [Function] 8-bit immediate data is added to the contents of the HL register pair as a base register and the sum is used to address the memory. The HL register pair to be accessed is in the register bank specified by the register bank select flag (RBS0 and RBS1). Addition is performed by expanding the offset data as a positive number to 16 bits. A carry from the 16th bit is ignored. This addressing can be carried out for all the memory spaces. [Operand format] Identifier -- Description [HL+byte] [Description example] MOV A, [HL+10H]; When setting byte to 10H Instruction code 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3.2.8 Based indexed addressing [Function] The B or C register contents specified in an instruction word are added to the contents of the HL register pair as a base register and the sum is used to address the memory. The HL, B, and C registers to be accessed are registers in the register bank specified by the register bank select flag (RBS0 to RBS1). Addition is performed by expanding the B or C register as a positive number to 16 bits. A carry from the 16th bit is ignored. This addressing can be carried out for all the memory spaces. [Operand format] Identifier -- Description [HL+B], [HL+C] [Description example] In the case of MOV A, [HL+B] Instruction code 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 30 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 3 ADDRESSING 3.2.9 Stack addressing [Function] The stack area is indirectly addressed with the stack pointer (SP) contents. This addressing method is automatically employed when the PUSH, POP, subroutine call and RETURN instructions are executed or the register is saved/reset upon generation of an interrupt request. Stack addressing enables addressing of the internal high-speed RAM area only. [Description example] In the case of PUSH DE Instruction code 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 31 CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET This chapter lists the instructions in the 78K/0 Series instruction set. The instructions are common to all 78K/0 Series products. 4.1 Operation For the operation list for each product, refer to the user's manual of each product. 4.1.1 Operand identifiers and description methods Operands are described in the "Operand" column of each instruction in accordance with the description method of the instruction operand identifier (refer to the assembler specifications for details). When there are two or more description methods, select one of them. Alphabetic letters in capitals and the symbols, #, !, $ and [ ] are key words and are described as they are. Each symbol has the following meaning. * #: Immediate data specification * !: Absolute address specification * $: Relative address specification * [ ]: Indirect address specification In the case of immediate data, describe an appropriate numeric value or a label. When using a label, be sure to describe the #, !, $ and [ ] symbols. For operand register identifiers, r and rp, either function names (X, A, C, etc.) or absolute names (names in parentheses in the table below, R0, R1, R2, etc.) can be used for description. Table 4-1. Operand Identifiers and Description Methods Identifier r rp sfr sfrp saddr saddrp addr16 addr11 addr5 word byte bit RBn Description Method X (R0), A (R1), C (R2), B (R3), E (R4), D (R5), L (R6), H (R7) AX (RP0), BC (RP1), DE (RP2), HL (RP3) Special-function register symbolNote Special-function register symbols (16-bit manipulatable register even addresses only)Note FE20H to FF1FH Immediate data or labels FE20H to FF1FH Immediate data or labels (even addresses only) 0000H to FFFFH Immediate data or labels (Only even addresses for 16-bit data transfer instructions) 0800H to 0FFFH Immediate data or labels 0040H to 007FH Immediate data or labels (even addresses only) 16-bit immediate data or label 8-bit immediate data or label 3-bit immediate data or label RB0 to RB3 Note FFD0H to FFDFH are not addressable. Remark Refer to the user's manual of each product for the symbols of special function registers. 32 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET 4.1.2 Description of "operation" column A: X: B: C: D: E: H: L: AX: BC: DE: HL: PC: SP: PSW: CY: AC: Z: RBS: IE: NMIS: ( ): A register; 8-bit accumulator X register B register C register D register E register H register L register AX register pair; 16-bit accumulator BC register pair DE register pair HL register pair Program counter Stack pointer Program status word Carry flag Auxiliary carry flag Zero flag Register bank select flag Interrupt request enable flag Flag indicating non-maskable interrupt servicing in progress Memory contents indicated by address or register contents in parentheses Logical product (AND) Logical sum (OR) Exclusive logical sum (exclusive OR) Inverted data XH, XL: Higher 8 bits and lower 8 bits of 16-bit register V: V: --: addr16: 16-bit immediate data or label jdisp8: Signed 8-bit data (displacement value) 4.1.3 Description of "flag operation" column (Blank): Unchanged 0: 1: x: R: Cleared to 0 Set to 1 Set/cleared according to the result Previously saved value is restored V : User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 33 CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET 4.1.4 Description of number of clocks 1 instruction clock cycle is 1 CPU clock cycle (fCPU) selected by the processor clock control register (PCC). 4.1.5 Instructions listed by addressing type (1) 8-bit instructions MOV, XCH, ADD, ADDC, SUB, SUBC, AND, OR, XOR, CMP, MULU, DIVUW, INC, DEC, ROR, ROL, RORC, ROLC, ROR4, ROL4, PUSH, POP, DBNZ 34 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET 2nd Operand 1st Operand A #byte A rNote sfr saddr !addr16 PSW [DE] [HL] [HL+byte] $addr16 [HL+B] [HL+C] 1 None ADD ADDC SUB SUBC AND OR XOR CMP MOV XCH ADD ADDC SUB SUBC AND OR XOR CMP MOV XCH MOV XCH ADD ADDC SUB SUBC AND OR XOR CMP MOV XCH ADD ADDC SUB SUBC AND OR XOR CMP MOV MOV XCH MOV XCH ADD ADDC SUB SUBC AND OR XOR CMP MOV XCH ADD ADDC SUB SUBC AND OR XOR CMP ROR ROL RORC ROLC r MOV MOV ADD ADDC SUB SUBC AND OR XOR CMP INC DEC B, C sfr saddr MOV MOV ADD ADDC SUB SUBC AND OR XOR CMP !addr16 PSW MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV DBNZ DBNZ INC DEC PUSH POP [DE] [HL] MOV MOV ROR4 ROL4 [HL+byte] [HL+B] [HL+C] X C MOV MULU DIVUW Note Except r = A. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 35 CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET (2) 16-bit instructions MOVW, XCHW, ADDW, SUBW, CMPW, PUSH, POP, INCW, DECW 2nd Operand 1st Operand AX ADDW SUBW CMPW rp MOVW MOVWNote INCW DECW PUSH POP sfrp saddrp !addr16 SP MOVW MOVW MOVW MOVW MOVW MOVW MOVW MOVW XCHW MOVW MOVW MOVW MOVW #word AX rpNote sfrp saddrp !addr16 SP None Note Only when rp = BC, DE or HL. (3) Bit manipulation instructions MOV1, AND1, OR1, XOR1, SET1, CLR1, NOT1, BT, BF, BTCLR 2nd Operand 1st Operand A.bit MOV1 BT BF BTCLR sfr.bit MOV1 BT BF BTCLR saddr.bit MOV1 BT BF BTCLR PSW.bit MOV1 BT BF BTCLR [HL].bit MOV1 BT BF BTCLR CY MOV1 AND1 OR1 XOR1 MOV1 AND1 OR1 XOR1 MOV1 AND1 OR1 XOR1 MOV1 AND1 OR1 XOR1 MOV1 AND1 OR1 XOR1 SET1 CLR1 NOT1 SET1 CLR1 SET1 CLR1 SET1 CLR1 SET1 CLR1 SET1 CLR1 A.bit sfr.bit saddr.bit PSW.bit [HL].bit CY $addr16 None 36 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET (4) Call instructions/branch instructions CALL, CALLF, CALLT, BR, BC, BNC, BZ, BNZ, BT, BF, BTCLR, DBNZ 2nd Operand 1st Operand Basic Instructions BR AX !addr16 !addr11 [addr5] $addr16 CALL BR CALLF CALLT BR BC BNC BZ BNZ Compound Instructions BT BF BTCLR DBNZ (5) Other instructions ADJBA, ADJBS, BRK, RET, RETI, RETB, SEL, NOP, EI, DI, HALT, STOP User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 37 CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET 4.2 Instruction Codes 4.2.1 Description of instruction code table r R2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 R1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 R0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 reg X A C B E D L H rp P1 0 0 1 1 P0 0 1 0 1 reg-pair RP0 RP1 RP2 RP3 AX BC DE HL RB RB1 0 0 1 1 RB0 0 1 0 1 reg-bank RB0 RB1 RB2 RB3 Bn: Data: Saddr-offset: Sfr-offset: jdisp: fa10 to fa0: ta4 to ta0: Immediate data corresponding to bit 8-bit immediate data corresponding to byte 16-bit address lower 8-bit offset data corresponding to saddr sfr 16-bit address lower 8-bit offset data Signed two's complement data (8 bits) of relative address distance between the start and branch addresses of the next instruction 11 bits of immediate data corresponding to addr11 5 bits of immediate data corresponding to addr5 Low/High byte: 16-bit immediate data corresponding to word Low/High addr: 16-bit immediate data corresponding to addr16 38 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET 4.2.2 Instruction code list Instruction Group 8-Bit Data Transfer MOV r,#byte saddr,#byte sfr,#byte A,r r,A A,saddr saddr,A A,sfr sfr,A A,!addr16 !addr16,A PSW,#byte A,PSW PSW,A A,[DE] [DE],A A,[HL] [HL],A A,[HL+byte] [HL+byte],A A,[HL+B] [HL+B],A A,[HL+C] [HL+C],A XCH A,r A,saddr A,sfr A,!addr16 A,[DE] A,[HL] A,[HL+byte] A,[HL+B] A,[HL+C] Note Note Note Mnemonic Operands B1 1 0 1 0 0 R2 R1 R0 0001 0001 0001 0011 0 1 1 0 0 R2 R1 R0 0 1 1 1 0 R2 R1 R0 1111 0000 1111 0010 1111 0100 1111 0110 1000 1110 1001 1110 B2 Data Operation Code B3 B4 Saddr-offset Sfr-offset Data Data Saddr-offset Saddr-offset Sfr-offset Sfr-offset Low addr Low addr High addr High addr Data 0001 0001 0001 1110 1111 0000 0001 1110 1111 0010 0001 1110 1000 0101 1001 0101 1000 0111 1001 0111 1010 1110 1011 1110 1010 1011 1011 1011 1010 1010 1011 1010 0 0 1 1 0 R2 R1 R0 1000 0011 1001 0011 1100 1110 0000 0101 0000 0111 1101 1110 Data Saddr-offset Sfr-offset Low addr Data Data High addr 0011 0001 1000 1011 0011 0001 1000 1010 Note Except r = A. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 39 CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Group Mnemonic Operands B1 rp,#word saddrp,#word sfrp,#word AX,saddrp saddrp,AX AX,sfrp sfrp,AX AX,rp rp,AX AX,!addr16 !addr16,AX Note 1 Note 1 Operation Code B2 Low byte Saddr-offset Sfr-offset Saddr-offset Saddr-offset Sfr-offset Sfr-offset B3 High byte Low byte Low byte High byte High byte B4 16-Bit Data MOVW Transfer 0 0 0 1 0 P1 P0 0 1110 1110 1111 1110 1000 1001 1001 1001 1010 1001 1011 1001 1 1 0 0 0 P1 P0 0 1 1 0 1 0 P1 P0 0 0000 0010 0000 0011 Note 1 Low addr Low addr High addr High addr XCHW 8-Bit Operation ADD AX,rp A,#byte saddr,#byte A,r r,A A,saddr A,!addr16 A,[HL] A,[HL+byte] A,[HL+B] A,[HL+C] 1 1 1 0 0 P1 P0 0 0000 1101 1000 1000 Data Saddr-offset Data Note 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 R2 R1 R0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 R2 R1 R0 0000 1110 0000 1000 0000 1111 0000 1001 Data Saddr-offset Low addr High addr 0011 0001 0000 1011 0011 0001 0000 1010 0010 1101 1010 1000 Note 2 ADDC A,#byte saddr,#byte A,r r,A A,saddr A,!addr16 A,[HL] A,[HL+byte] A,[HL+B] A,[HL+C] Data Saddr-offset Data 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 R2 R1 R0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 R2 R1 R0 0010 1110 0010 1000 0010 1111 0010 1001 Data Saddr-offset Low addr High addr 0011 0001 0010 1011 0011 0001 0010 1010 Notes 1. Only when rp = BC, DE or HL. 2. Except r = A. 40 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Group 8-Bit Operation Mnemonic Operands B1 B2 Data Operation Code B3 B4 SUB A,#byte saddr,#byte A,r r,A A,saddr A,!addr16 A,[HL] A,[HL+byte] A,[HL+B] A,[HL+C] Note 0001 1101 1001 1000 Saddr-offset Data 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 R2 R1 R0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 R2 R1 R0 0001 1110 0001 1000 0001 1111 0001 1001 Data Saddr-offset Low addr High addr 0011 0001 0001 1011 0011 0001 0001 1010 0011 1101 1011 1000 Note SUBC A,#byte saddr,#byte A,r r,A A,saddr A,!addr16 A,[HL] A,[HL+byte] A,[HL+B] A,[HL+C] Data Saddr-offset Data 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 R2 R1 R0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 R2 R1 R0 0011 1110 0011 1000 0011 1111 0011 1001 Data Saddr-offset Low addr High addr 0011 0001 0011 1011 0011 0001 0011 1010 0101 1101 1101 1000 Note AND A,#byte saddr,#byte A,r r,A A,saddr A,!addr16 A,[HL] A,[HL+byte] A,[HL+B] A,[HL+C] Data Saddr-offset Data 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 R2 R1 R0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 R2 R1 R0 0101 1110 0101 1000 0101 1111 0101 1001 Data Saddr-offset Low addr High addr 0011 0001 0101 1011 0011 0001 0101 1010 Note Except r = A. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 41 CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Group 8-Bit Operation Mnemonic Operands B1 B2 Data Operation Code B3 B4 OR A,#byte saddr,#byte A,r r,A A,saddr A,!addr16 A,[HL] A,[HL+byte] A,[HL+B] A,[HL+C] Note 0110 1101 1110 1000 Saddr-offset Data 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 R2 R1 R0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 R2 R1 R0 0110 1110 0110 1000 0110 1111 0110 1001 Data Saddr-offset Low addr High addr 0011 0001 0110 1011 0011 0001 0110 1010 0111 1101 1111 1000 Note XOR A,#byte saddr,#byte A,r r,A A,saddr A,!addr16 A,[HL] A,[HL+byte] A,[HL+B] A,[HL+C] Data Saddr-offset Data 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 R2 R1 R0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 R2 R1 R0 0111 1110 0111 1000 0111 1111 0111 1001 Data Saddr-offset Low addr High addr 0011 0001 0111 1011 0011 0001 0111 1010 0100 1101 1100 1000 Note CMP A,#byte saddr,#byte A,r r,A A,saddr A,!addr16 A,[HL] A,[HL+byte] A,[HL+B] A,[HL+C] Data Saddr-offset Data 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 R2 R1 R0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 R2 R1 R0 0100 1110 0100 1000 0100 1111 0100 1001 Data Saddr-offset Low addr High addr 0011 0001 0100 1011 0011 0001 0100 1010 Note Except r = A. 42 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Group 16-Bit Operation Mnemonic Operands B1 B2 Operation Code B3 High byte High byte High byte B4 ADDW SUBW CMPW AX,#word AX,#word AX,#word X C r saddr 1100 1010 1101 1010 1110 1010 Low byte Low byte Low byte Multiply/ divide Increment/ decrement MULU DIVUW INC 0011 0001 1000 1000 0011 0001 1000 0010 0 1 0 0 0 R2 R1 R0 1000 0001 0 1 0 1 0 R2 R1 R0 1001 0001 1 0 0 0 0 P1 P0 0 1 0 0 1 0 P1 P0 0 0010 0100 0010 0110 0010 0101 0010 0111 0011 0001 1001 0000 0011 0001 1000 0000 0110 0001 1000 0000 0110 0001 1001 0000 Saddr-offset Saddr-offset DEC r saddr INCW DECW Rotate ROR ROL RORC ROLC ROR4 ROL4 BCD Adjust Bit Manipulation ADJBA ADJBS MOV1 rp rp A,1 A,1 A,1 A,1 [HL] [HL] CY,saddr.bit CY,sfr.bit CY,A.bit CY,PSW.bit CY,[HL].bit saddr.bit,CY sfr.bit,CY A.bit,CY PSW.bit,CY [HL].bit,CY 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 1 1 0 0 Saddr-offset Sfr-offset 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 0 1 0 1 Saddr-offset Sfr-offset Saddr-offset Sfr-offset AND1 CY,saddr.bit CY,sfr.bit CY,A.bit CY,PSW.bit CY,[HL].bit User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 43 CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Group Bit Manipulation Mnemonic Operands B1 B2 Operation Code B3 Saddr-offset Sfr-offset B4 OR1 CY,saddr.bit CY,sfr.bit CY,A.bit CY,PSW.bit CY,[HL].bit 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 0 1 1 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 0 1 0 Saddr-offset Sfr-offset Saddr-offset Sfr-offset XOR1 CY,saddr.bit CY,sfr.bit CY,A.bit CY,PSW.bit CY,[HL].bit SET1 saddr.bit sfr.bit A.bit PSW.bit [HL].bit 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 1 0 1 0 0 B2 B1 B0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 0 0 1 0 0 B2 B1 B0 1 0 1 1 Saddr-offset CLR1 saddr.bit sfr.bit A.bit PSW.bit [HL].bit 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 1 0 1 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 0 0 1 1 0010 0000 0010 0001 0000 0001 1001 1010 0 fa10-8 11 1100 1 Low addr fa7-0 Sfr-offset SET1 CLR1 NOT1 Call Return CALL CALLF CALLT BRK RET RETB RETI Stack Manipulation POP PUSH CY CY CY !addr16 !addr11 [addr5] High addr ta4-0 1011 1111 1010 1111 1001 1111 1000 1111 PSW rp PSW rp 0010 0010 1 0 1 1 0 P1 P0 1 0010 0011 1 0 1 1 0 P1 P0 0 1110 1110 0001 1100 1001 1001 0001 1100 1000 1001 0001 1100 Low byte High byte MOVW SP,#word SP,AX AX,SP 44 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET Instruction Group Unconditional Branch Mnemonic Operands B1 B2 Operation Code B3 High addr B4 BR !addr16 $addr16 AX 1001 1011 1111 1010 Low addr jdisp 0011 0001 1001 1000 1000 1101 1001 1101 1010 1101 1011 1101 jdisp jdisp jdisp jdisp Saddr-offset jdisp Sfr-offset jdisp jdisp jdisp Saddr-offset Sfr-offset jdisp jdisp jdisp jdisp jdisp Conditional BC Branch BNC BZ BNZ BT $addr16 $addr16 $addr16 $addr16 saddr.bit,$addr16 1 B2 B1 B0 1 1 0 0 sfr.bit,$addr16 A.bit,$addr16 PSW.bit,$addr16 [HL].bit,$addr16 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 1 1 0 1 B2 B1 B0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 0 1 1 0 BF saddr.bit,$addr16 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 0 1 1 sfr.bit,$addr16 A.bit,$addr16 PSW.bit,$addr16 [HL].bit,$addr16 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 0 1 1 1 jdisp Saddr-offset Sfr-offset jdisp BTCLR saddr.bit,$addr16 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 0 0 1 sfr.bit,$addr16 A.bit,$addr16 PSW.bit,$addr16 [HL].bit,$addr16 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 1 1 0 1 jdisp jdisp 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 B2 B1 B0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 B2 B1 B0 0 1 0 1 1000 1011 1000 1010 0000 0100 jdisp jdisp Saddr-offset jdisp jdisp jdisp DBNZ B,$addr16 C,$addr16 saddr,$addr16 CPU control SEL NOP EI DI HALT STOP RBn 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 RB1 1 RB0 0 0 0 0000 0000 0111 1010 0001 1110 0111 1011 0001 1110 0111 0001 0001 0000 0111 0001 0000 0000 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 45 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS This chapter explains the instructions of 78K/0 Series products. Each instruction is described with a mnemonic, including description of multiple operands. The basic configuration of instruction description is shown on the next page. For the number of instruction bytes and the instruction codes, refer to the user's manual of each product and CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET, respectively. All the instructions are common to 78K/0 Series products. 46 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Mnemonic Full name Move Byte Data Transfer Meaning of instruction MOV [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] MOV dst, src: Indicates the basic description format of the instruction. dst src: Indicates instruction operation using symbols. Indicates operands that can be specified by this instruction. Refer to 4.1 Operation for the description of each operand symbol. Mnemonic Operand(dst,src) r, #byte Mnemonic Operand(dst,src) A, PSW MOV MOV ~ A, saddr ~ saddr, A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ [HL], A ~ A, [HL+byte] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ PSW, #byte ~ [Flag] ~ [HL+C], A ~ Indicates the flag operation that changes by instruction execution. Each flag operation symbol is shown in the conventions. Z AC CY Conventions Symbol Blank 0 1 X R Description Unchanged Cleared to 0 Set to 1 Set or cleared according to the result Previously saved value is restored [Description]: Describes the instruction operation in detail. * The contents of the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand are transferred to the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand. [Description example] MOV A, #4DH; 4DH is transferred to the A register. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 47 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.1 8-Bit Data Transfer Instructions The following instructions are 8-bit data transfer instructions. MOV ... 49 XCH ... 50 48 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS MOV Move Byte Data Transfer [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic MOV MOV dst, src dst src Operand(dst,src) r, #byte saddr, #byte sfr, #byte A, r r, A A, saddr saddr, A A, sfr sfr, A A, !addr16 !addr16, A PSW, #byte Note Note Mnemonic MOV Operand(dst,src) A, PSW PSW, A A, [DE] [DE], A A, [HL] [HL], A A, [HL+byte] [HL+byte], A A, [HL+B] [HL+B], A A, [HL+C] [HL+C], A Note Except r = A [Flag] PSW, #byte and PSW, A operands Z x AC x CY x All other operand combinations Z AC CY [Description] * The contents of the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand are transferred to the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand. * No interrupts are acknowledged between the MOV PSW, #byte instruction/MOV PSW, A instruction and the next instruction. [Description example] MOV A, #4DH; 4DH is transferred to the A register. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 49 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS XCH Exchange Byte Data Exchange [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic XCH A, r XCH dst, src dst src Operand(dst,src) Note Mnemonic XCH Operand(dst,src) A, [HL] A, [HL+byte] A, [HL+B] A, [HL+C] A, saddr A, sfr A, !addr16 A, [DE] Note Except r = A [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The 1st and 2nd operand contents are exchanged. [Description example] XCH A, FEBCH; The A register contents and address FEBCH contents are exchanged. 50 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.2 16-Bit Data Transfer Instructions The following instructions are 16-bit data transfer instructions. MOVW ... 52 XCHW ... 53 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 51 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS MOVW Move Word Word Data Transfer [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic MOVW MOVW dst, src dst src Operand(dst,src) rp, #word saddrp, #word sfrp, #word AX, saddrp saddrp, AX AX, sfrp Mnemonic MOVW Operand(dst,src) sfrp, AX AX, rp rp, AX AX, !addr16 !addr16, AX Note Note Note Only when rp = BC, DE or HL [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The contents of the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand are transferred to the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand. [Description example] MOVW AX, HL; The HL register contents are transferred to the AX register. [Caution] Only an even address can be specified. An odd address cannot be specified. 52 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS XCHW Exchange Word Word Data Exchange [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic XCHW XCHW dst, src dst src Operand(dst,src) AX, rp Note Note Only when rp = BC, DE or HL [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The 1st and 2nd operand contents are exchanged. [Description example] XCHW AX, BC; The memory contents of the AX register are exchanged with those of the BC register. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 53 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.3 8-Bit Operation Instructions The following are 8-bit operation instructions. ADD ... 55 ADDC ... 56 SUB ... 57 SUBC ... 58 AND ... 59 OR ... 60 XOR ... 61 CMP ... 62 54 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ADD Add Byte Data Addition [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic ADD ADD dst, src dst, CY dst + src Operand(dst,src) A, #byte saddr, #byte A, r r, A A, saddr Note Mnemonic ADD Operand(dst,src) A, !addr16 A, [HL] A, [HL+byte] A, [HL+B] A, [HL+C] Note Except r = A [Flag] Z x AC x CY x [Description] * The destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand is added to the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand and the result is stored in the CY flag and the destination operand (dst). * If the addition result shows that dst is 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). * If the addition generates a carry out of bit 7, the CY flag is set (1). In all other cases, the CY flag is cleared (0). * If the addition generates a carry for bit 4 out of bit 3, the AC flag is set (1). In all other cases, the AC flag is cleared (0). [Description example] ADD CR10, #56H; 56H is added to the CR10 register and the result is stored in the CR10 register. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 55 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ADDC Add with Carry Addition of Byte Data with Carry [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic ADDC ADDC dst, src dst, CY dst + src + CY Operand(dst,src) A, #byte saddr, #byte A, r r, A A, saddr Note Mnemonic ADDC Operand(dst,src) A, !addr16 A, [HL] A, [HL+byte] A, [HL+B] A, [HL+C] Note Except r = A [Flag] Z x AC x CY x [Description] * The destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand, the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand and the CY flag are added and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst) and the CY flag. The CY flag is added to the least significant bit. This instruction is mainly used to add two or more bytes. * If the addition result shows that dst is 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). * If the addition generates a carry out of bit 7, the CY flag is set (1). In all other cases, the CY flag is cleared (0). * If the addition generates a carry for bit 4 out of bit 3, the AC flag is set (1). In all other cases, the AC flag is cleared (0). [Description example] ADDC A, [HL+B]; The A register contents and the contents at address (HL register + (B register)) and the CY flag are added and the result is stored in the A register. 56 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS SUB Subtract Byte Data Subtraction [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic SUB SUB dst, src dst, CY dst - src Operand(dst,src) A, #byte saddr, #byte A, r r, A A, saddr Note Mnemonic SUB Operand(dst,src) A, !addr16 A, [HL] A, [HL+byte] A, [HL+B] A, [HL+C] Note Except r = A [Flag] Z x AC x CY x [Description] * The source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand is subtracted from the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst) and the CY flag. The destination operand can be cleared to 0 by equalizing the source operand (src) and the destination operand (dst). * If the subtraction shows that dst is 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). * If the subtraction generates a borrow out of bit 7, the CY flag is set (1). In all other cases, the CY flag is cleared (0). * If the subtraction generates a borrow for bit 3 out of bit 4, the AC flag is set (1). In all other cases, the AC flag is cleared (0). [Description example] SUB D, A; The A register is subtracted from the D register and the result is stored in the D register. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 57 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS SUBC Subtract with Carry Subtraction of Byte Data with Carry [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic SUBC SUBC dst, src dst, CY dst - src - CY Operand(dst,src) A, #byte saddr, #byte A, r r, A A, saddr Note Mnemonic SUBC Operand(dst,src) A, !addr16 A, [HL] A, [HL+byte] A, [HL+B] A, [HL+C] Note Except r = A [Flag] Z x AC x CY x [Description] * The source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand and the CY flag are subtracted from the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst). The CY flag is subtracted from the least significant bit. This instruction is mainly used for subtraction of two or more bytes. * If the subtraction shows that dst is 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). * If the subtraction generates a borrow out of bit 7, the CY flag is set (1). In all other cases, the CY flag is cleared (0). * If the subtraction generates a borrow for bit 3 out of bit 4, the AC flag is set (1). In all other cases, the AC flag is cleared (0). [Description example] SUBC A, [HL]; The (HL register) address contents and the CY flag are subtracted from the A register and the result is stored in the A register. 58 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS AND And Logical Product of Byte Data [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic AND AND dst, src dst dst src Operand(dst,src) A, #byte saddr, #byte A, r r, A A, saddr Note Mnemonic AND Operand(dst,src) A, !addr16 A, [HL] A, [HL+byte] A, [HL+B] A, [HL+C] Note Except r = A [Flag] Z x AC CY [Description] * Bit-wise logical product is obtained from the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand and the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst). * If the logical product shows that all bits are 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). [Description example] AND FEBAH, #11011100B; Bit-wise logical product of FEBAH contents and 11011100B is obtained and the result is stored at FEBAH. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 59 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS OR Or Logical Sum of Byte Data [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic OR OR dst, src dst dst src Operand(dst,src) A, #byte saddr, #byte A, r r, A A, saddr Note Mnemonic OR Operand(dst,src) A, !addr16 A, [HL] A, [HL+byte] A, [HL+B] A, [HL+C] Note Except r = A [Flag] Z x AC CY [Description] * The bit-wise logical sum is obtained from the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand and the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst). * If the logical sum shows that all bits are 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). [Description example] OR A, FE98H; The bit-wise logical sum of the A register and FE98H is obtained and the result is stored in the A register. 60 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS XOR Exclusive Or Exclusive Logical Sum of Byte Data [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic XOR XOR dst, src dst dst src Operand(dst,src) A, #byte saddr, #byte A, r r, A A, saddr Note Mnemonic XOR Operand(dst,src) A, !addr16 A, [HL] A, [HL+byte] A, [HL+B] A, [HL+C] Note Except r = A [Flag] Z x AC CY [Description] * The bit-wise exclusive logical sum is obtained from the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand and the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst). Logical negation of all bits of the destination operand (dst) is possible by selecting #0FFH for the source operand (src) with this instruction. * If the exclusive logical sum shows that all bits are 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). [Description example] XOR A, L; The bit-wise exclusive logical sum of the A and L registers is obtained and the result is stored in the A register. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 61 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS CMP Compare Byte Data Comparison [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic CMP CMP dst, src dst - src Operand(dst,src) A, #byte saddr, #byte A, r r, A A, saddr Note Mnemonic CMP Operand(dst,src) A, !addr16 A, [HL] A, [HL+byte] A, [HL+B] A, [HL+C] Note Except r = A [Flag] Z x AC x CY x [Description] * The source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand is subtracted from the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand. The subtraction result is not stored anywhere and only the Z, AC and CY flags are changed. * If the subtraction result is 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). * If the subtraction generates a borrow out of bit 7, the CY flag is set (1). In all other cases, the CY flag is cleared (0). * If the subtraction generates a borrow for bit 3 out of bit 4, the AC flag is set (1). In all other cases, the AC flag is cleared (0). [Description example] CMP FE38H, #38H; 38H is subtracted from the contents at address FE38H and only the flags are changed (comparison of contents at address FE38H and the immediate data). 62 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.4 16-Bit Operation Instructions The following are 16-bit operation instructions. ADDW ... 64 SUBW ... 65 CMPW ... 66 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 63 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ADDW Add Word Word Data Addition [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic ADDW ADDW dst, src dst, CY dst + src Operand(dst,src) AX, #word [Flag] Z x AC x CY x [Description] * The destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand is added to the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst). * If the addition result shows that dst is 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). * If the addition generates a carry out of bit 15, the CY flag is set (1). In all other cases, the CY flag is cleared (0). * As a result of addition, the AC flag becomes undefined. [Description example] ADDW AX, #ABCDH; ABCDH is added to the AX register and the result is stored in the AX register. 64 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS SUBW Subtract Word Word Data Subtraction [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic SUBW SUBW dst, src dst, CY dst - src Operand(dst,src) AX, #word [Flag] Z x AC x CY x [Description] * The source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand is subtracted from the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst) and the CY flag. The destination operand can be cleared to 0 by equalizing the source operand (src) and the destination operand (dst). * If the subtraction shows that dst is 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). * If the subtraction generates a borrow out of bit 15, the CY flag is set (1). In all other cases, the CY flag is cleared (0). * As a result of subtraction, the AC flag becomes undefined. [Description example] SUBW AX, #ABCDH; ABCDH is subtracted from the AX register contents and the result is stored in the AX register. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 65 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS CMPW Compare Word Word Data Comparison [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic CMPW CMPW dst, src dst - src Operand(dst,src) AX, #word [Flag] Z x AC x CY x [Description] * The source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand is subtracted from the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand. The subtraction result is not stored anywhere and only the Z, AC and CY flags are changed. * If the subtraction result is 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). * If the subtraction generates a borrow out of bit 15, the CY flag is set (1). In all other cases, the CY flag is cleared (0). * As a result of subtraction, the AC flag becomes undefined. [Description example] CMPW AX, #ABCDH; ABCDH is subtracted from the AX register and only the flags are changed (comparison of the AX register and the immediate data). 66 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.5 Multiply/Divide Instructions The following are multiply/divide instructions. MULU ... 68 DIVUW ... 69 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 67 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS MULU Multiply Unsigned Unsigned Multiplication of Data [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic MULU X MULU src AX A x src Operand(src) [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The A register contents and the source operand (src) data are multiplied as unsigned data and the result is stored in the AX register. [Description example] MULU X; The A register contents and the X register contents are multiplied and the result is stored in the AX register. 68 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS DIVUW Divide Unsigned Word Unsigned Division of Word Data [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic DIVUW C DIVUW dst AX (quotient), dst (remainder) AX / dst Operand(dst) [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The AX register contents are divided by the destination operand (dst) contents and the quotient and the remainder are stored in the AX register and the destination operand (dst), respectively. Division is executed using the AX register and destination operand (dst) contents as unsigned data. However, when the destination operand (dst) is 0, the X register contents are stored in the C register and AX becomes 0FFFFH. [Description example] DIVUW C; The AX register contents are divided by the C register contents and the quotient and the remainder are stored in the AX register and the C register, respectively. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 69 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.6 Increment/Decrement Instructions The following are increment/decrement instructions. INC ... 71 DEC ... 72 INCW ... 73 DECW ... 74 70 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS INC Increment Byte Data Increment [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic INC r INC dst dst dst + 1 Operand(dst) saddr [Flag] Z x AC x CY [Description] * The destination operand (dst) contents are incremented by only one. * If the increment result is 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). * If the increment generates a carry for bit 4 out of bit 3, the AC flag is set (1). In all other cases, the AC flag is cleared (0). * Because this instruction is frequently used for increment of a counter for repeated operations and an indexed addressing offset register, the CY flag contents are not changed (to hold the CY flag contents in multiplebyte operation). [Description example] INC B; The B register is incremented. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 71 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS DEC Decrement Byte Data Decrement [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic DEC r DEC dst dst dst - 1 Operand(dst) saddr [Flag] Z x AC x CY [Description] * The destination operand (dst) contents are decremented by only one. * If the decrement result is 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). * If the decrement generates a carry for bit 3 out of bit 4, the AC flag is set (1). In all other cases, the AC flag is cleared (0). * Because this instruction is frequently used for decrement of a counter for repeated operations and an indexed addressing offset register, the CY flag contents are not changed (to hold the CY flag contents in multiplebyte operation). * If dst is the B or C register or saddr, and it is not desired to change the AC and CY flag contents, the DBNZ instruction can be used. [Description example] DEC FE92H; The contents at address FE92H are decremented. 72 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS INCW Increment Word Word Data Increment [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic INCW rp INCW dst dst dst + 1 Operand(dst) [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The destination operand (dst) contents are incremented by only one. * Because this instruction is frequently used for increment of a register (pointer) used for addressing, the Z, AC and CY flag contents are not changed. [Description example] INCW HL; The HL register is incremented. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 73 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS DECW Decrement Word Word Data Decrement [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic DECW rp DECW dst dst dst - 1 Operand (dst) [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The destination operand (dst) contents are decremented by only one. * Because this instruction is frequently used for decrement of a register (pointer) used for addressing, the Z, AC and CY flag contents are not changed. [Description example] DECW DE; The DE register is decremented. 74 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.7 Rotate Instructions The following are rotate instructions. ROR ... 76 ROL ... 77 RORC ... 78 ROLC ... 79 ROR4 ... 80 ROL4 ... 81 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 75 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ROR Rotate Right Byte Data Rotation to the Right [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic ROR A, 1 ROR dst, cnt (CY, dst7 dst0, dstm-1 dstm) x one time Operand(dst,cnt) [Flag] Z AC CY x [Description] * The destination operand (dst) contents specified by the 1st operand are rotated to the right just once. * The LSB (bit 0) contents are simultaneously rotated to MSB (bit 7) and transferred to the CY flag. CY 7 0 [Description example] ROR A, 1; The A register contents are rotated one bit to the right. 76 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ROL Rotate Left Byte Data Rotation to the Left [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic ROL A, 1 ROL dst, cnt (CY, dst0 dst7, dstm+1 dstm) x one time Operand(dst,cnt) [Flag] Z AC CY x [Description] * The destination operand (dst) contents specified by the 1st operand are rotated to the left just once. * The MSB (bit 7) contents are simultaneously rotated to LSB (bit 0) and transferred to the CY flag. CY 7 0 [Description example] ROL A, 1; The A register contents are rotated to the left by one bit. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 77 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS RORC Rotate Right with Carry Byte Data Rotation to the Right with Carry [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic RORC A, 1 RORC dst, cnt (CY dst0, dst7 CY, dstm-1 dstm) x one time Operand(dst,cnt) [Flag] Z AC CY x [Description] * The destination operand (dst) contents specified by the 1st operand are rotated just once to the right with carry. CY 7 0 [Description example] RORC A, 1; The A register contents are rotated to the right by one bit including the CY flag. 78 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ROLC Rotate Left with Carry Byte Data Rotation to the Left with Carry [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic ROLC A, 1 ROLC dst, cnt (CY dst7, dst0 CY, dstm+1 dstm) x one time Operand(dst,cnt) [Flag] Z AC CY x [Description] * The destination operand (dst) contents specified by the 1st operand are rotated just once to the left with carry. CY 7 0 [Description example] ROLC A, 1; The A register contents are rotated to the left by one bit including the CY flag. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 79 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ROR4 Rotate Right Digit Digit Rotation to the Right [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic ROR4 ROR4 dst A3-0 (dst)3-0, (dst)7-4 A3-0, (dst)3-0 (dst)7-4 Operand(dst) [HL] Note Note Specify an area other than the SFR area as operand [HL]. [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The lower 4 bits of the A register and the 2-digit data (4-bit data) of the destination operand (dst) are rotated to the right. The higher 4 bits of the A register remain unchanged. 7 A 43 0 dst 7 43 0 [Description example] ROR4 [HL]; Rightward digit rotation is executed with the memory contents specified by the A and HL registers. A 7 Before Execution 4 1010 3 0011 0 7 (HL) 4 1100 3 0101 0 After Execution 1010 0101 0011 1100 80 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ROL4 Rotate Left Digit Digit Rotation to the Left [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic ROL4 ROL4 dst A3-0 (dst)7-4, (dst)3-0 A3-0, (dst)7-4 (dst)3-0 Operand(dst) [HL] Note Note Specify an area other than the SFR area as operand [HL]. [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The lower 4 bits of the A register and the 2-digit data (4-bit data) of the destination operand (dst) are rotated to the left. The higher 4 bits of the A register remain unchanged. 7 A 43 0 dst 7 43 0 [Description example] ROL4 [HL]; Leftward digit rotation is executed with the memory contents specified by the A and HL registers. A 7 Before Execution 4 0001 3 0010 0 7 (HL) 4 0100 3 1000 0 After Execution 0001 0100 1000 0010 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 81 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.8 BCD Adjust Instructions The following are BCD adjust instructions. ADJBA ... 83 ADJBS ... 84 82 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ADJBA Decimal Adjust Register for Addition Decimal Adjustment of Addition Result [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] None [Flag] Z x AC x ADJBA Decimal Adjust Accumulator for Addition CY x [Description] * The A register, CY flag and AC flag are decimally adjusted from their contents. This instruction carries out an operation having meaning only when the BCD (binary coded decimal) data is added and the addition result is stored in the A register (in all other cases, the instruction carries out an operation having no meaning). See the table below for the adjustment method. * If the adjustment result shows that the A register contents are 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). Condition A3 to A0 9 AC = 0 A3 to A0 10 AC = 0 AC = 1 A7 to A4 9 and CY = 0 A7 to A4 10 or CY = 1 A7 to A4 < 9 and CY = 0 A7 to A4 9 or CY = 1 A7 to A4 9 and CY = 0 A7 to A4 10 or CY = 1 Operation A A, CY 0, AC 0 A A+01100000B, CY 1, AC 0 A A+00000110B, CY 0, AC 1 A A+01100110B, CY 1, AC 1 A A+00000110B, CY 0, AC 0 A A+01100110B, CY 1, AC 0 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 83 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS ADJBS Decimal Adjust Register for Subtraction Decimal Adjustment of Subtraction Result [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] None [Flag] Z x AC x ADJBS Decimal Adjust Accumulator for Subtraction CY x [Description] * The A register, CY flag and AC flag are decimally adjusted from their contents. This instruction carries out an operation having meaning only when the BCD (binary coded decimal) data is subtracted and the subtraction result is stored in the A register (in all other cases, the instruction carries out an operation having no meaning). See the table below for the adjustment method. * If the adjustment result shows that the A register contents are 0, the Z flag is set (1). In all other cases, the Z flag is cleared (0). Condition AC = 0 CY = 0 CY = 1 AC = 1 CY = 0 CY = 1 Operation A A, CY 0, AC 0 A A-01100000B, CY 1, AC 0 A A-00000110B, CY 0, AC 0 A A-01100110B, CY 1, AC 0 84 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.9 Bit Manipulation Instructions The following are bit manipulation instructions. MOV1 ... 86 AND1 ... 87 OR1 ... 88 XOR1 ... 89 SET1 ... 90 CLR1 ... 91 NOT1 ... 92 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 85 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS MOV1 Move Single Bit 1 Bit Data Transfer [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic MOV1 MOV1 dst, src dst src Operand(dst,src) CY, saddr.bit CY, sfr.bit CY, A.bit CY, PSW.bit CY, [HL].bit Mnemonic MOV1 Operand(dst,src) saddr.bit, CY sfr.bit, CY A.bit, CY PSW.bit, CY [HL].bit, CY [Flag] dst = CY Z AC CY x PSW.bit Z x AC x CY In all other cases Z AC CY [Description] * Bit data of the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand is transferred to the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand. * When the destination operand (dst) is CY or PSW.bit, only the corresponding flag is changed. [Description example] MOV1 P3.4, CY; The CY flag contents are transferred to bit 4 of port 3. 86 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS AND1 And Single Bit 1 Bit Data Logical Product [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic AND1 AND1 dst, src dst dst src Operand(dst,src) CY, saddr.bit CY, sfr.bit CY, A.bit CY, PSW.bit CY, [HL].bit [Flag] Z AC CY x [Description] * Logical product of bit data of the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand and the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand is obtained and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst). * The operation result is stored in the CY flag (because of the destination operand (dst)). [Description example] AND1 CY, FE7FH.3; Logical product of FE7FH bit 3 and the CY flag is obtained and the result is stored in the CY flag. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 87 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS OR1 Or Single Bit 1 Bit Data Logical Sum [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic OR1 OR1 dst, src dst dst src Operand(dst,src) CY, saddr.bit CY, sfr.bit CY, A.bit CY, PSW.bit CY, [HL].bit [Flag] Z AC CY x [Description] * The logical sum of bit data of the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand and the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand is obtained and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst). * The operation result is stored in the CY flag (because of the destination operand (dst)). [Description example] OR1 CY, P2.5; The logical sum of port 2 bit 5 and the CY flag is obtained and the result is stored in the CY flag. 88 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS XOR1 Exclusive Or Single Bit 1 Bit Data Exclusive Logical Sum [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic XOR1 XOR1 dst, src dst dst src Operand(dst,src) CY, saddr.bit CY, sfr.bit CY, A.bit CY, PSW.bit CY, [HL].bit [Flag] Z AC CY x [Description] * The exclusive logical sum of bit data of the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand and the source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand is obtained and the result is stored in the destination operand (dst). * The operation result is stored in the CY flag (because of the destination operand (dst)). [Description example] XOR1 CY, A.7; The exclusive logical sum of the A register bit 7 and the CY flag is obtained and the result is stored in the CY flag. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 89 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS SET1 Set Single Bit (Carry Flag) 1 Bit Data Set [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic SET1 SET1 dst dst 1 Operand(dst) saddr.bit sfr.bit A.bit PSW.bit [HL].bit CY [Flag] dst = PSW.bit Z x AC x CY x dst = CY Z AC CY 1 In all other cases Z AC CY [Description] * The destination operand (dst) is set (1). * When the destination operand (dst) is CY or PSW.bit, only the corresponding flag is set (1). [Description example] SET1 FE55H.1; Bit 1 of FE55H is set (1). 90 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS CLR1 Clear Single Bit (Carry Flag) 1 Bit Data Clear [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic CLR1 CLR1 dst dst 0 Operand(dst) saddr.bit sfr.bit A.bit PSW.bit [HL].bit CY [Flag] dst = PSW.bit Z x AC x CY x dst = CY Z AC CY 0 In all other cases Z AC CY [Description] * The destination operand (dst) is cleared (0). * When the destination operand (dst) is CY or PSW.bit, only the corresponding flag is cleared (0). [Description example] CLR1 P3.7; Bit 7 of port 3 is cleared (0). User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 91 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS NOT1 Not Single Bit (Carry Flag) 1 Bit Data Logical Negation [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic NOT1 CY NOT1 dst dst dst Operand(dst) [Flag] Z AC CY x [Description] * The CY flag is inverted. [Description example] NOT1 CY; The CY flag is inverted. 92 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.10 Call Return Instructions The following are call return instructions. CALL ... 94 CALLF ... 95 CALLT ... 96 BRK ... 97 RET ... 98 RETI ... 99 RETB ... 100 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 93 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS CALL Call Subroutine Call (16 Bit Direct) [Instruction format] [Operation] CALL target (SP-1) (PC+3)H, (SP-2) (PC+3)L, SP PC SP-2, target [Operand] Mnemonic CALL Operand(target) !addr16 [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * This is a subroutine call with a 16-bit absolute address or a register indirect address. * The start address (PC+3) of the next instruction is saved in the stack and is branched to the address specified by the target operand (target). [Description example] CALL !3059H; Subroutine call to 3059H 94 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS CALLF Call Flag Subroutine Call (11 Bit Direct Specification) [Instruction format] [Operation] CALLF Target (SP-1) (PC+2)H, (SP-2) (PC+2)L, SP PC SP-2, target [Operand] Mnemonic CALLF Operand(target) !addr11 [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * This is a subroutine call which can only be branched to addresses 0800H to 0FFFH. * The start address (PC+2) of the next instruction is saved in the stack and is branched in the range of addresses 0800H to 0FFFH. * Only the lower 11 bits of an address are specified (with the higher 5 bits fixed to 00001B). * The program size can be compressed by locating the subroutine at 0800H to 0FFFH and using this instruction. If the program is in the external memory, the execution time can be decreased. [Description example] CALLF !0C2AH; Subroutine call to 0C2AH User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 95 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS CALLT Call Table Subroutine Call (Refer to the Call Table) [Instruction format] [Operation] CALLT [addr5] (SP-1) (PC+1)H, (SP-2) (PC+1)L, SP PCH PCL SP-2, (00000000, addr5+1) (00000000, addr5) [Operand] Mnemonic CALLT Operand([addr5]) [addr5] [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * This is a subroutine call for call table reference. * The start address (PC+1) of the next instruction is saved in the stack and is branched to the address indicated with the word data of a call table (the higher 8 bits of address are fixed to 00000000B and the next 5 bits are specified by addr5). [Description example] CALLT [40H]; Subroutine call to the word data addresses 0040H and 0041H. 96 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS BRK Break Software Vectored Interrupt [Instruction format] [Operation] BRK (SP-1) PSW, (SP-2) (PC+1)H, (SP-3) (PC+1)L, IE SP PCH PCL 0, SP-3, (3FH), (3EH) [Operand] None [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * This is a software interrupt instruction. * PSW and the next instruction address (PC+1) are saved to the stack. After that, the IE flag is cleared (0) and the saved data is branched to the address indicated with the word data at the vector address (003EH). Because the IE flag is cleared (0), the subsequent maskable vectored interrupts are disabled. * The RETB instruction is used to return from the software vectored interrupt generated with this instruction. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 97 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS RET Return Return from Subroutine [Instruction format] [Operation] RET PCL (SP), PCH (SP+1), SP SP+2 [Operand] None [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * This is a return instruction from the subroutine call made with the CALL, CALLF and CALLT instructions. * The word data saved to the stack returns to the PC, and the program returns from the subroutine. 98 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS RETI Return from Interrupt Return from Hardware Vectored Interrupt [Instruction format] [Operation] RETI PCL PCH SP (SP), (SP+1), SP+3, PSW (SP+2), NMIS 0 [Operand] None [Flag] Z R AC R CY R [Description] * This is a return instruction from the vectored interrupt. * The data saved to the stack returns to the PC and the PSW, and the program returns from the interrupt service routine. * This instruction cannot be used for return from the software interrupt with the BRK instruction. * None of interrupts are acknowledged between this instruction and the next instruction to be executed. * The NMIS flag is set to 1 by acknowledgment of a non-maskable interrupt, and cleared to 0 by the RETI instruction. [Caution] When the return from non-maskable interrupt servicing is performed by an instruction other than the RETI instruction, the NMIS flag is not cleared to 0, and therefore no interrupts (including non-maskable interrupts) except software interrupts can be acknowledged. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 99 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS RETB Return from Break Return from Software Vectored Interrupt [Instruction format] [Operation] RETB PCL (SP), PCH (SP+1), PSW (SP+2), SP SP+3 [Operand] None [Flag] Z R AC R CY R [Description] * This is a return instruction from the software interrupt generated with the BRK instruction. * The data saved in the stack returns to the PC and the PSW, and the program returns from the interrupt service routine. * None of interrupts are acknowledged between this instruction and the next instruction to be executed. 100 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.11 Stack Manipulation Instructions The following are stack manipulation instructions. PUSH ... 102 POP ... 103 MOVW SP, src ... 104 MOVW AX, SP ... 104 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 101 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS PUSH Push Push [Instruction format] [Operation] PUSH src When src = rp (SP-1) srcH, (SP-2) srcL, SP SP-2 When src = PSW (SP-1) src SP SP-1 [Operand] Mnemonic PUSH PSW rp Operand(src) [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The data of the register specified by the source operand (src) is saved to the stack. [Description example] PUSH AX; AX register contents are saved to the stack. 102 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS POP Pop Pop [Instruction format] [Operation] POP dst When dst = rp dstL (SP), dstH (SP+1), SP SP+2 When dst = PSW dst (SP) SP SP+1 [Operand] Mnemonic POP PSW rp Operand(dst) [Flag] dst =rp Z AC CY PSW Z R AC R CY R [Description] * Data is returned from the stack to the register specified by the destination operand (dst). * When the operand is PSW, each flag is replaced with stack data. * None of interrupts are acknowledged between the POP PSW instruction and the subsequent instruction. [Description example] POP AX; The stack data is returned to the AX register. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 103 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS MOVW SP, src MOVW AX, SP [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic MOVW Operand(dst,src) SP, #word SP, AX AX, SP Move Word Word Data Transfer with Stack Pointer MOVW dst, src dst src [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * This is an instruction to manipulate the stack pointer contents. * The source operand (src) specified by the 2nd operand is stored in the destination operand (dst) specified by the 1st operand. [Description example] MOVW SP, #FE1FH; FE1FH is stored in the stack pointer. 104 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.12 Unconditional Branch Instruction The unconditional branch instruction is shown below. BR ... 106 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 105 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS BR Branch Unconditional Branch [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic BR BR target PC target Operand(target) !addr16 AX $addr16 [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * This is an instruction to branch unconditionally. * The word data of the target address operand (target) is transferred to PC and branched. [Description example] BR AX; The AX register contents are branched as the address. 106 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.13 Conditional Branch Instructions Conditional branch instructions are shown below. BC ... 108 BNC ... 109 BZ ... 110 BNZ ... 111 BT ... 112 BF ... 113 BTCLR ... 114 DBNZ ... 115 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 107 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS BC Branch if Carry Conditional Branch with Carry Flag (CY = 1) [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic BC BC $addr16 PC PC+2+jdisp8 if CY = 1 Operand($addr16) $addr16 [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * When CY = 1, data is branched to the address specified by the operand. When CY = 0, no processing is carried out and the subsequent instruction is executed. [Description example] BC $300H; When CY = 1, data is branched to 0300H (with the start of this instruction set in the range of addresses 027FH to 037EH). 108 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS BNC Branch if Not Carry Conditional Branch with Carry Flag (CY = 0) [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic BNC BNC $addr16 PC PC+2+jdisp8 if CY = 0 Operand($addr16) $addr16 [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * When CY = 0, data is branched to the address specified by the operand. When CY = 1, no processing is carried out and the subsequent instruction is executed. [Description example] BNC $300H; When CY = 0, data is branched to 0300H (with the start of this instruction set in the range of addresses 027FH to 037EH). User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 109 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS BZ Branch if Zero Conditional Branch with Zero Flag (Z = 1) [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic BZ BZ $addr16 PC PC+2+jdisp8 if Z = 1 Operand($addr16) $addr16 [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * When Z = 1, data is branched to the address specified by the operand. When Z = 0, no processing is carried out and the subsequent instruction is executed. [Description example] DEC B BZ $3C5H; When the B register is 0, data is branched to 03C5H (with the start of this instruction set in the range of addresses 0344H to 0443H). 110 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS BNZ Branch if Not Zero Conditional Branch with Zero Flag (Z = 0) [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic BNZ BNZ $addr16 PC PC+2+jdisp8 if Z = 0 Operand($addr16) $addr16 [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * When Z = 0, data is branched to the address specified by the operand. When Z = 1, no processing is carried out and the subsequent instruction is executed. [Description example] CMP A, #55H BNZ $0A39H; If the A register is not 0055H, data is branched to 0A39H (with the start of this instruction set in the range of addresses 09B8H to 0AB7H). User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 111 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS BT Branch if True Conditional Branch by Bit Test (Byte Data Bit = 1) [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic BT BT bit, $addr16 PC PC+b+jdisp8 if bit = 1 Operand(bit,$addr16) saddr.bit, $addr16 sfr.bit, $addr16 A.bit, $addr16 PSW.bit, $addr16 [HL].bit, $addr16 b(Number of bytes) 3 4 3 3 3 [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * If the 1st operand (bit) contents have been set (1), data is branched to the address specified by the 2nd operand ($addr16). If the 1st operand (bit) contents have not been set (1), no processing is carried out and the subsequent instruction is executed. [Description example] BT FE47H.3, $55CH; When bit 3 at address FE47H is 1, data is branched to 055CH (with the start of this instruction set in the range of addresses 04DAH to 05D9H). 112 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS BF Branch if False Conditional Branch by Bit Test (Byte Data Bit = 0) [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic BF BF bit, $addr16 PC PC+b+jdisp8 if bit = 0 Operand(bit,$addr16) saddr.bit, $addr16 sfr.bit, $addr16 A.bit, $addr16 PSW.bit, $addr16 [HL].bit, $addr16 b(Number of bytes) 4 4 3 4 3 [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * If the 1st operand (bit) contents have been cleared (0), data is branched to the address specified by the 2nd operand ($addr16). If the 1st operand (bit) contents have not been cleared (0), no processing is carried out and the subsequent instruction is executed. [Description example] BF P2.2, $1549H; When bit 2 of port 2 is 0, data is branched to address 1549H (with the start of this instruction set in the range of addresses 14C6H to 15C5H). User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 113 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS BTCLR Branch if True and Clear Conditional Branch and Clear by Bit Test (Byte Data Bit = 1) [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic BTCLR BTCLR bit, $addr16 PC PC+b+jdisp8 if bit = 1, then bit 0 Operand(bit,$addr16) saddr.bit, $addr16 sfr.bit, $addr16 A.bit, $addr16 PSW.bit, $addr16 [HL].bit, $addr16 b(Number of bytes) 4 4 3 4 3 [Flag] bit =PSW.bit Z x AC x CY x In all other cases Z AC CY [Description] * If the 1st operand (bit) contents have been set (1), they are cleared (0) and branched to the address specified by the 2nd operand. If the 1st operand (bit) contents have not been set (1), no processing is carried out and the subsequent instruction is executed. * When the 1st operand (bit) is PSW.bit, the corresponding flag contents are cleared (0). [Description example] BTCLR PSW.0, $356H; When bit 0 (CY flag) of PSW is 1, the CY flag is cleared to 0 and branched to address 0356H (with the start of this instruction set in the range of addresses 02D4H to 03D3H). 114 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS DBNZ Decrement and Branch if Not Zero Conditional Loop (R1 0) [Instruction format] [Operation] DBNZ dst, $addr16 dst dst-1, then PC PC+b+jdisp16 if dst R1 0 [Operand] Mnemonic DBNZ Operand(dst,$addr16) B, $addr16 C, $addr16 saddr, $addr16 b(Number of bytes) 2 2 3 [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * One is subtracted from the destination operand (dst) contents specified by the 1st operand and the subtraction result is stored in the destination operand (dst). * If the subtraction result is not 0, data is branched to the address indicated with the 2nd operand ($addr16). When the subtraction result is 0, no processing is carried out and the subsequent instruction is executed. * The flag remains unchanged. [Description example] DBNZ B, $1215H; The B register contents are decremented. If the result is not 0, data is branched to 1215H (with the start of this instruction set in the range of addresses 1194H to 1293H). User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 115 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS 5.14 CPU Control Instructions The following are CPU control instructions. SEL RBn ... 117 NOP ... 118 EI ... 119 DI ... 120 HALT ... 121 STOP ... 122 116 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS SEL RBn Select Register Bank Register Bank Selection [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] Mnemonic SEL RBn SEL RBn RBS0, RBS1 n; (n = 0-3) Operand(RBn) [Flag] Z AC CY [Description] * The register bank specified by the operand (RBn) is made a register bank for use by the next and subsequent instructions. * RBn ranges from RB0 to RB3. [Description example] SEL RB2; Register bank 2 is selected as the one for use by the next and subsequent instructions. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 117 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS NOP No Operation No Operation [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] None [Flag] Z AC NOP no operation CY [Description] * Only the time is consumed without processing. 118 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS EI Enable Interrupt Interrupt Enabled [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] None [Flag] Z AC EI IE 1 CY [Description] * The maskable interrupt acknowledgeable status is set (by setting the interrupt enable flag (IE) to (1)). * No interrupts are acknowledged between this instruction and the next instruction. * If this instruction is executed, vectored interrupt acknowledgment from another source can be disabled. For details, refer to "Interrupt Functions" in the user's manual of each product. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 119 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS DI Disable Interrupt Interrupt Disabled [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] None [Flag] Z AC DI IE 0 CY [Description] * Maskable interrupt acknowledgment by vectored interrupt is disabled (with the interrupt enable flag (IE) cleared (0)). * No interrupts are acknowledged between this instruction and the next instruction. * For details of interrupt servicing, refer to "Interrupt Functions" in the user's manual of each product. 120 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS HALT Halt HALT Mode Set [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] None [Flag] Z AC HALT Set HALT Mode CY [Description] * This instruction is used to set the HALT mode to stop the CPU operation clock. The total power consumption of the system can be decreased with intermittent operation by combining this mode with the normal operation mode. User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 121 CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS STOP Stop Stop Mode Set [Instruction format] [Operation] [Operand] None [Flag] Z AC STOP Set STOP Mode CY [Description] * This instruction is used to set the STOP mode to stop the main system clock oscillator and to stop the whole system. Power consumption can be minimized to only leakage current. 122 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM APPENDIX A REVISION HISTORY The following table shows the revision history of the previous editions. The "Applied to:" column indicates the chapters of each edition in which the revision was applied. Edition 2nd Major Revision from Previous Edition Addition of the following versions: Applied to: Throughout PD78055 and 78P058, and PD78018F, 78044A, 78054Y, 78078, 78083, 78098, and 780208 Subseries Addition of the English documentation No. to the related documents INTRODUCTION Addition of the IEBus register area (PD78098 Subseries only) Addition of the description of the number of clocks when the external ROM contains the program to the clock column. Addition of Notes to the description of the ROR4 and ROL4 instructions in the rotate instruction. Change of the operation of the ADJBA and ADJBS instructions in the BCD adjust instruction. 3rd Addition of the following versions: Throughout CHAPTER 5 EXPLANATION OF INSTRUCTIONS CHAPTER 1 MEMORY SPACE CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTION SET PD78014H, 78018FY, 78044F, 78044H, 78058F, 78058FY, 78064Y, 78064B, 78075B, 78075BY, 78078Y, 78098B, 780018Y, 780024, 780024Y, 780034, 780034Y, 780058, 780058Y, 780228, 780308, 780308Y, 780924, and 780964 Subseries, and PD78011F, 78012F, 78070A, 78070AY, 780001, 78P0914, 780206, and 780208 Deletion of the following versions PD78024, 78044, and 78044A Subseries Addition of the table of all internal RAM spaces of each model Change of the format of external memory space table 4th Deletion of all information except for information common to the 78K/0 Series (for individual product information, refer to the user's manual of each product). Throughout CHAPTER 1 MEMORY SPACE User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 123 APPENDIX B INSTRUCTION INDEX (MNEMONIC: BY FUNCTION) [8-bit data transfer instructions] MOV ... 49 XCH ... 50 [16-bit data transfer instructions] MOVW ... 52 XCHW ... 53 [Rotate instructions] ROR ... 76 ROL ... 77 RORC ... 78 ROLC ... 79 ROR4 ... 80 ROL4 ... 81 [BCD adjust instructions] [8-bit operation instructions] ADJBA ... 83 ADD ... 55 ADDC ... 56 SUB ... 57 SUBC ... 58 AND ... 59 OR ... 60 XOR ... 61 CMP ... 62 [16-bit operation instructions] ADDW ... 64 SUBW ... 65 CMPW ... 66 CALL ... 94 [Multiply/divide instructions] MULU ... 68 DIVUW ... 69 [Increment/decrement instructions] INC ... 71 DEC ... 72 INCW ... 73 DECW ... 74 PUSH ... 102 POP ... 103 MOVW SP, src ... 104 MOVW AX, SP ... 104 CALLF ... 95 CALLT ... 96 BRK ... 97 RET ... 98 RETI ... 99 RETB ... 100 [Stack manipulation instructions] [Call return instructions] MOV1 ... 86 AND1 ... 87 OR1 ... 88 XOR1 ... 89 SET1 ... 90 CLR1 ... 91 NOT1 ... 92 [Bit manipulation instructions] ADJBS ... 84 124 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM APPENDIX B INSTRUCTION INDEX (MNEMONIC: BY FUNCTION) [Unconditional branch instruction] BR ... 106 [Conditional branch instructions] BC ... 108 BNC ... 109 BZ ... 110 BNZ ... 111 BT ... 112 BF ... 113 BTCLR ...114 DBNZ ... 115 [CPU control instructions] SEL RBn ... 117 NOP ... 118 EI ... 119 DI ... 120 HALT ... 121 STOP ... 122 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 125 APPENDIX C INSTRUCTION INDEX (MNEMONIC: IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) [A] ADD ... 55 ADDC ... 56 ADDW ... 64 ADJBA ... 83 ADJBS ... 84 AND ... 59 AND1 ... 87 [H] HALT ... 121 [I] INC ... 71 INCW ... 73 [M] [B] MOV ... 49 BC ... 108 BF ... 113 BNC ... 109 BNZ ... 111 BR ... 106 BRK ... 97 BT ... 112 BTCLR ... 114 BZ ... 110 [C] [O] CALL ... 94 CALLF ... 95 CALLT ... 96 CLR1 ... 91 CMP ... 62 CMPW ... 66 POP ... 103 [D] DBNZ ... 115 DEC ... 72 DECW ... 74 DI ... 120 DIVUW ... 69 [E] EI ... 119 RET ... 98 RETB ... 100 RETI ... 99 ROL ... 77 ROLC ... 79 ROL4 ... 81 ROR ... 76 RORC ... 78 ROR4 ... 80 PUSH ... 102 [R] [P] OR ... 60 OR1 ... 88 NOP ... 118 NOT1 ... 92 [N] MOVW ... 52 MOVW AX, SP ... 104 MOVW SP, src ... 104 MOV1 ... 86 MULU ... 68 126 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM APPENDIX C INSTRUCTION INDEX (MNEMONIC: IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) [S] SEL RBn ... 117 SET1 ... 90 STOP ... 122 SUB ... 57 SUBC ... 58 SUBW ... 65 [X] XCH ... 50 XCHW ... 53 XOR ... 61 XOR1 ... 89 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM 127 [MEMO] 128 User's Manual U12326EJ4V0UM Facsimile Message From: Name Company Although NEC has taken all possible steps to ensure that the documentation supplied to our customers is complete, bug free and up-to-date, we readily accept that errors may occur. Despite all the care and precautions we've taken, you may encounter problems in the documentation. Please complete this form whenever you'd like to report errors or suggest improvements to us. Tel. FAX Address Thank you for your kind support. North America Hong Kong, Philippines, Oceania NEC Electronics Inc. NEC Electronics Hong Kong Ltd. Corporate Communications Dept. Fax: +852-2886-9022/9044 Fax: +1-800-729-9288 +1-408-588-6130 Korea Europe NEC Electronics Hong Kong Ltd. NEC Electronics (Europe) GmbH Seoul Branch Technical Documentation Dept. Fax: +82-2-528-4411 Fax: +49-211-6503-274 South America NEC do Brasil S.A. Fax: +55-11-6462-6829 Taiwan NEC Electronics Taiwan Ltd. Fax: +886-2-2719-5951 Asian Nations except Philippines NEC Electronics Singapore Pte. Ltd. Fax: +65-250-3583 Japan NEC Semiconductor Technical Hotline Fax: +81- 44-435-9608 I would like to report the following error/make the following suggestion: Document title: Document number: Page number: If possible, please fax the referenced page or drawing. Document Rating Clarity Technical Accuracy Organization CS 01.2 Excellent Good Acceptable Poor |
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